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Internet to run out of IP addresses 'in 500 days' | It has emerged that the IP addresses used in helping to distinguish one computer from another are expected to run out in approximately 500 days. The unique numbers,
which are known as Internet protocol addresses, help identify the world's networked
devices. An IP address uses four numbers from 0 to 255 to distinguish one computer
from another. As an example, computers around the world can recognise the IP address
203.26.51.71 as a server for fairfax.com.au, which publishes this newspaper online.
There are more than four billion combinations. But the proliferation of networked
devices means soon that will no longer be enough. In a way, IP addresses are like
phone numbers, which need to be entered correctly if a right connection is to
be made. So the ability to uniquely identify everything in the computer world
is essential. IP addresses are like phone numbers in another way, too. Just as
Australia had to move from seven-digit phone numbers to eight digits in the early
1990s, massive change will now be required globally to resolve the problem. However,
there's a complication. "Unlike the telephone system, it's not easy to just add
more digits," the Sydney Morning Herald quoted chief scientist at the Asia Pacific
Network Information Centre, Geoff Huston, as saying. Although every telephone
number in Australia was successfully altered, the phones themselves didn't change.
Humans simply dialled an extra number and were connected to the person. But every
web server, every iPhone, every router and everything else - possibly billions
of devices - will need to be reconfigured or upgraded. "The idea that every last
one has to go back into the doctor for a new transplant does sound a bit frightening.
It's almost like having to teach every device a new language," Huston said. Fortunately,
a new language exists. Computers now use IP version 4 and have since the 1980s.
Its replacement is version 6, known as IPv6. For humans, little will change. The
traditional way we visit a website, by typing google.com or facebook.com, won't
be any different and personal computers will automatically use IPv4 or IPv6 as
required. The impending shortage has been apparent for more than a decade as the
volume of networked devices has escalated but inertia has stymied efforts to prepare
for IPv6, Huston revealed. While personal computers have been capable of understanding
IPv6 since Windows XP and Apple OS X, Huston says only about 5 percent of devices
are configured to do so. Among web servers, the figure is less than 1 per cent.
Internode is one of the few Internet service providers that offers an IPv6 service.
Telstra is among the many that do not. Tens of millions of mobile phones are on
an IPv4 network only. Technically, it's not all that difficult to enable IPv6.
Logistically, it's a horrendous challenge, and the conversion can involve substantial
costs, with little in return. "It doesn't make your Internet any shinier or any
brighter, so customers won't pay more," he said. Consequently, Huston predicts
we will get to a point where large numbers of people will no longer be able to
see everything on the Internet. So far, the dwindling storehouse of IP addresses
has been managed with trickery that translates one IP address to another. But
by about late September next year, the key body that distributes IP addresses
will run out of them. Three months after that, every drop in the pipeline will
dry up and the only way to get an IPv4 address will be to buy one from someone
else. Lacking that, consumers whose computers are not configured to use IPv6 won't
see new websites. Likewise, iPhones, which don't understand IPv6, will be limited
to the "old" Internet. For businesses that are not prepared, this could spell
trouble. Unless web servers and mobile phone services are configured to send information
via IPv4 as well as IPv6, companies could be left with a fraction of their current
customers. The good news is that once IPv6 is in place, it should satisfy demand
as far as a computer can calculate. "If every single address was one grain of
sand, in IPv6 you could build 300 million planets the size of Earth," he added. |
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